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Late-life anxiety disorders among Puerto Rican primary care patients: impact on well-being, functioning, and service utilization. The diabetes prevalence located in this community

A secondary database analysis through a cross-sectional design was used for this study. Participants were selected from the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Health Plan database, beneficiaries of the public health sector.

Adult's subjects with at least one claim during were included. The final sample consisted of 1, adult insured. The prevalence of diabetes was Longitudinal prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to shed light on the temporal or causal relationship and to test whether effective prevention and treatment can reduce the risk of developing diabetes. These two illustrated elementary readers contain the Spanish and English versions of the Puerto Rican folk tales, "Ladrillo" and "Cuentos de Prostitutes Puerto Rico Bobo.

These materials are intended to help the child relate to his culture, develop interest in…. Exposure to gun violence and African ancestry have been separately associated with increased risk of asthma in Puerto Rican children.

The objective of this study was to examine whether African ancestry and gun violence interact on asthma and total IgE in Prostitutes Puerto Rico Puerto Rican children. Exposure to gun violence was defined as the child's report of hearing gunshots more than Prostitutes Puerto Rico, and the percentage of African ancestry was estimated using genome-wide genotypic data.

Prostitutes Puerto Rico was defined as parental report of physician-diagnosed Prostitutes Puerto Rico and wheeze in the previous year. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were used for the analysis of asthma and total IgE, respectively. In contrast, there was no significant association between African ancestry and asthma or total IgE in children not exposed to gun violence. Our results suggest that exposure to gun violence modifies the estimated effect of African ancestry on asthma and atopy in Puerto Rican children.

Occurrence and correlates of overweight and obesity among island Puerto Rican youth. Measures included height and weight level data on youth in Puerto Rico aged 10 to 19 years with and without asthma as well as body mass index data on their caregivers.

A total of youth-caregiver dyads were selected and weighted to represent the general population of youth in Puerto Rico using US Census data. Twenty-five percent met moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines, however, physical activity was not associated with overweight or obesity in this sample.

Youth whose parents were obese were more than two times more likely to be overweight or obese than those whose parents were at a desirable weight. Youth in Puerto Rico have higher rates of overweight and obesity and lower compliance to moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity guidelines than rates reported for youth on the mainland.

More population-based research is needed to understand the epidemiology of obesity and overweight among island Puerto Rican youth and the contribution of physical Prostitutes Puerto Rico to the phenomenon. Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses. Professions and careers related to science and mathematics lack Prostitutes Puerto Rico of minorities.

Within these underrepresented minority populations there is no other group more affected than Latina women and girls.

Women in general, are still underrepresented in many areas of our society. Latina women are still more disadvantaged than White women. There is no doubt that education is significant in increasing the participation of minorities in the fields of science and mathematics, especially for minority girls Oakes, ; Rodriguez, This study explored the interests, life experiences, characteristics and motivations of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses.

The study identifies factors that can influence the interest of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin in science and Prostitutes Puerto Rico career choices.

This research is significant and relevant to educators and policy makers, especially to science and mathematics educators. The research is primarily descriptive and exploratory. It explores the social characteristics Prostitutes Puerto Rico Latina girls and professional women who have been successful in science and mathematics high school courses. The research offers the reader a visit to the participants' homes with descriptions and the opportunity to explore the thoughts and life experiences of Latina girls, their mothers and young Latina professionals of Puerto Rican origin.

This research reveals the common characteristics of successful students found in the Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who where interviewed.

Creating a portrait of Latina girls of Puerto Rican origin who are successful in science and mathematics high school courses in one of the school districts of western Massachusetts. The research findings reveal that teacher relationships, family expectations. Latinas have high Prostitutes Puerto Rico breastfeeding initiation rates, yet Puerto Ricans have among the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rates. This study sought to determine if acculturation was associated with intent to breastfeed in a predominantly Puerto Rican population.

Increasing acculturation as measured by English language preference aOR 0. Acculturation was inversely associated with intent to exclusively breastfeed and intent to combination feed in this predominantly Puerto Rican sample.

Full Text Available We examined nest site selection by Puerto Rican Parrots, a secondary cavity nester, at several spatial scales using the nest entrance as the central focal point relative to 20 habitat and spatial variables. The Puerto Rican Parrot is unique in that, sinceall known nesting in the wild has occurred in artificial cavities, which also provided us with an opportunity to Prostitutes Puerto Rico nest site selection without confounding effects of the actual nest cavity characteristics.

Because of the data limitations imposed by the small population size of this critically endangered endemic species, we employed a distribution-free statistical simulation approach to assess site selection relative to characteristics Prostitutes Puerto Rico used and unused nesting sites.

Nest sites selected by Puerto Rican Parrots were characterized by greater horizontal and vertical visibility from the nest entrance, greater density of mature sierra palms, and a more westerly and leeward orientation of nest entrances than unused sites. Our results suggest that nest site selection in this species is Prostitutes Puerto Rico adaptive response to predation pressure, to which the parrots Prostitutes Puerto Rico by selecting nest sites offering advantages in predator detection and avoidance at all Prostitutes Puerto Rico of the nesting cycle.

The health conditions and health status of Hispanic Americans will assume increased importance as their population increases.

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Estimated prevalence of dengue viremia in Puerto Rican blood donations, through Dengue virus DENV nucleic acid amplification testing of blood donations during epidemics in endemic locations, including Puerto Rico, has suggested possible sizable transfusion transmission risk.

Estimates of the long-term prevalence Prostitutes Puerto Rico DENV viremic donations will help evaluate the potential magnitude of this risk in Puerto Rico. Estimates of the prevalence of DENV viremia in the Puerto Rican population at large from through were derived from dengue case reports and their onset dates obtained from islandwide surveillance, estimates of case underreporting, and extant data on the duration of DENV viremia and the unapparent-to-apparent dengue infection ratio.

Under the assumptions that viremia prevalence in blood donors was similar to that of the population at large and that symptomatic persons do not donate, statistical resampling methods were used to estimate the prevalence of dengue viremia in blood donations.

Over the year period, the maximum and mean daily prevalences of dengue viremia per 10, in blood donations in Puerto Rico were estimated at Prevalence varied considerably by season and year. These data suggest a substantial prevalence of DENV viremia in Puerto Rican blood donations, particularly during outbreaks. Epidemiological studies indicate that mental illness is considerably high among Puerto Rican adolescents in New York.

Besides poverty, crowding, illiteracy, lack of skill for qualified jobs, Prostitutes Puerto Rico other Prostitutes Puerto Rico of stress, trans-culturation is said to explain some of these facts.

Psychiatric comorbidity and acculturation stress among Puerto Rican substance abusers. Although acculturation to the United States has been associated with an increase in substance, mood, and anxiety disorders in Latino populations, few studies have examined this concept relative Prostitutes Puerto Rico comorbidity among these syndromes.

This study compares the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity among Puerto Ricans with substance use disorders living in San Juan Puerto Rico to those who have migrated to New Haven Connecticut and Prostitutes Puerto Rico the association between acculturation-related stress and the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity among those who have migrated to New Haven.

Lifetime levels of nearly all comorbid psychiatric disorders Prostitutes Puerto Rico respondents with substance use disorders were generally similar across sites.

However, the risk of any co-occurring psychiatric disorder was higher among substance use disorder cases Prostitutes Puerto Rico New Haven who reported high levels of total acculturation stress and family-specific acculturation stress. These findings were generally accounted for by associations between affective disorders and high scores on these indicators of acculturation stress.

The overall prevalence and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity are remarkably similar among Puerto Rican substance abusers whether they live in San Juan or have migrated to New Haven, thereby demonstrating robustness to differences in geographic location. Nevertheless, the degree of acculturation-related family stress is positively associated with co-occurring substance and psychiatric disorders, particularly affective disorders.

Intervention in family strain related to the acculturation process may diminish the development of comorbid mental disorders and assist in implementing successful treatment of substance abuse.

Ataques de Nervios and their psychiatric correlates in Puerto Rican children from two different contexts. Among Latino adults and children, ataques de nervios has been associated with an array of psychiatric disorders. Ataques were also correlated with greater exposure to violence, as well as more stressful life events for the South Bronx sample. After controlling for several covariates, ataques continued to be significantly associated with psychopathology.

Ataques are, therefore, a significant correlate of global impairment and childhood psychopathology among Puerto Rican youth. Introduction Latinas in the United States on average have poorer birth outcomes than Whites, yet considerable heterogeneity exists within Latinas.

Puerto Ricans have some of the highest rates of adverse outcomes and are understudied. The goal of this study was to determine if acculturation was associated with adverse birth outcomes in a predominantly Puerto Rican population.

Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort study conducted from to A convenience sample of pregnant Latina women were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Massachusetts. Acculturation was measured in early pregnancy; directly via the Psychological Acculturation Scale, and via proxies of language preference and generation in the United States.

Results After adjustment, psychological acculturation, language preference, and generation was not associated with odds of preterm birth. However, every unit increase in psychological acculturation score was associated with an increase in gestational age of Prostitutes Puerto Rico. Similarly, women who were first generation had babies who weighed Discussion We observed a small, but statistically significant adverse impact of low acculturation on gestational age and birthweight in this predominantly Puerto Rican population.

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and cognitive function in Puerto Rican adults. DNA oxidative stress has been suggested as an important pathogenic mechanism in cognitive impairment and dementia.

We, therefore, examined whether Prostitutes Puerto Rico 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8-OHdGa biomarker of global DNA oxidation, was associated with cognitive function in a sample of Puerto Rican adul Survival and causes of mortality in juvenile Puerto Rican parrots. Most mortality three of five deaths occurred during the first 35 d following fledging. A major The underlying hypothesis of this epidemiological research is that excess body adiposity and sedentary lifestyles are independent risk factors for prostate cancer mortality in Puerto Rican men Addressing recent theoretical debates, this study Prostitutes Puerto Rico the differences in extended family integration among Mexicans, Puerto Ricansand Whites, Prostitutes Puerto Rico well as the importance of culture and structure in explaining these differences.

Osborn, Chandra Y. The information-motivation-behavioral skills IMB model of health behavior change informed the design of a brief, culturally tailored diabetes self-care intervention for Puerto Ricans with type 2 diabetes. Phylogeography of an island endemic: the Puerto Rican freshwater crab, Epilobocera sinuatifrons. The endemic Puerto Rican crab, Epilobocera sinuatifrons Pseudothelphusidaehas a freshwater-dependant life-history strategy, although the species has some capabilities for terrestrial movement as adults.

In contrast to all other freshwater decapods on the island Prostitutes Puerto Rico. This collection of readings is organized in four parts.

Part I, "Aspects of Puerto Rican culture," includes the following articles: "Explicit and implicit culture in Puerto Rico: a case study in educational anthropology," T. Brameld; "Respeto, relajo, and interpersonal relations in Puerto Rico," A. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a native Puerto Rican patient. The diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Prostitutes Puerto Rico is often a challenge for most physicians given its extremely low incidence and different clinico-pathological presentations.

We report the case of a year old patient native to Puerto Rico suspected of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease sCD. The symptoms at onset were notorious for bilateral cortical blindness followed by rapidly progressive cognitive decline, visual deficit, increased levels of CSF and tau along with positive brain MRI and EEG, are highly indicative of CJD.

The patient, admitted to Prostitutes Puerto Rico institution inrepresents the first detailed Prostitutes Puerto Rico of sCJD in a native Puerto Rican patient living in Puerto Rico. Boricua de pura cepa: Ethnic identity, cultural stress and self-concept in Puerto Rican youth. The available literature on ethnic identity among Puerto Ricans has focused on those Prostitutes Puerto Rico in the United States, with little to no attention placed on examining ethnic identity and psychological constructs among youth living in Puerto Rico.

Using a colonial mentality framework, the current study examined the associations between ethnic identity, cultural stress, and self-concept among adolescent boys and girls living in Puerto Rico.

Relations between ethnic identity, cultural stress, and self-concept differed by gender. First, cultural stress was associated with self-concept for boys, such that higher cultural stress predicted lower self-concept. Second, among girls, cultural stress moderated the relation between ethnic identity and self-concept. Specifically, for girls experiencing high cultural stress, exploration and resolution of their ethnic identity was associated with higher ratings Prostitutes Puerto Rico self-concept.

Although cultural stress has been widely understood as a phenomena associated with immigrants, our study indicated that cultural stress is important in Prostitutes Puerto Rico self-concept of youth living in Puerto Rico. For boys, cultural stress, but not ethnic identity, is particularly important to their self-concept. Among girls experiencing high cultural stress, exploration and resolution of ethnic identity was associated with higher self-concept.

Results suggested that the cultural stress associated with the colonial context of Puerto Rico is salient in Prostitutes Puerto Rico identity and self-concept development, even though Puerto Rican youth are the ethnic majority in the Prostitutes Puerto Rico.

Anthropology in a postcolonial colony: Helen I. Safa's contribution to Puerto Rican ethnography.

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This Prostitutes Puerto Rico assesses Helen I. Safa's legacy to anthropological thought in Puerto Rico. The first part of the article locates Safa's research on the Island within a long tradition of fieldwork by U. More recent research, conducted mostly by Puerto Rican women anthropologists and other social scientists, has expanded upon Safa's insights on gender and work. Above all, this book helped overcome the theoretical impasse over the culture of poverty that characterized much of urban anthropology during the s and s.

The article concludes with an appraisal of the relevance of Safa's work for the ethnography of contemporary Puerto Rico. They created their own institutions and tackled the epidemic themselves. Free of charge, it provided services such Prostitutes Puerto Rico.

The prevalence of refractive conditions in Puerto Rican adults attending Prostitutes Puerto Rico eye clinic system. Conclusion: Prostitutes Puerto Rico is the most common refractive error and its prevalence and seems to increase among the aging population who visited the clinics. Further programs and studies must be developed to address the refractive errors needs of the adult Puerto Rican Prostitutes Puerto Rico.

Counselors are challenged to use a nontraditional, multicultural approach with Puerto Rican inmates, Prostitutes Puerto Rico strive to understand their values, beliefs, experiences, and behaviors; and to question their own underlying assumptions and linear models of therapy.

Five specific recommendations are made, and a comparison of beliefs and values is appended. The goal of this study was to examine the interactions of a functional variant rs in the BDNF gene with dietary intake for obesity traits in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

BDNF rs was genotyped in Puerto Rican adults and examined for association with obesity-related traits. Full Text Available Even though the population of Puerto Rico includes a large percent of residents with some knowledge of the English language bilinguals, the vast majority communicates using Spanish, which is their native language. Not surprisingly, the majority of advertisements in Puerto Rican media use the Spanish language.

The common sense assumption that Spanish advertising is significantly superior to English advertising when targeting Puerto Rican Hispanics living in Puerto Rico is tested experimentally in this study. The Social Value component of the Theory of Consumption Values was used to generate several Hypotheses that would favor Prostitutes Puerto Rico use of English language.

The experiment used magazine-like printed illustrated advertisements to test the hypotheses, all of them dealing with relative effectiveness of Spanish versus English language advertisements. The results show that Spanish advertisements and English advertisements were about the same in terms of their persuasion effectiveness. The Puerto Rican population represents one of the largest immigration groups in Florida, and this has an impact on the organ transplant donation process.

Our aim was to analyze attitudes toward organ donation among Puerto Ricans who currently reside in the state of Florida USA. Random selection was done according to stratification. Support from immigration associations in Spain was needed for advice on the locations Prostitutes Puerto Rico potential respondents. Study participation was anonymized and self-administered.

Focus groups were conducted in English and Spanish in the two cities with the highest rates of premature birth and low infant birthweight in the state of Connecticut.

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Focus group findings indicate that participants perceived poverty, food insecurity, lack of access to quality education, and unsafe environments as significant life stressors affecting maternal and child health. Ataques de Prostitutes Puerto Rico in the Puerto Rican Diagnostic Interview Schedule: the impact of cultural categories on psychiatric epidemiology.

An ataque de nervios scale was created from the Somatization items of the DIS to explore the effect of this culturally meaningful category of distress on responses to a standard psychiatric interview. Analysis of 1, cases from a representative sample of the island of Puerto Rico indicated that people reporting ataque symptoms fit the social characteristics described for ataques sufferers in the ethnographic literature.

Qualitative data indicated that Puerto Ricans were reporting ataques de nervios in the panic section of Prostitutes Puerto Rico DIS. Questions are raised about the validity of the somatization and panic sections of the DIS in cross-cultural research with Hispanics. This article presents the perspectives of second-generation Puerto Rican mothers as they discuss their experiences educating their children in a working class, lower-middle class, racially diverse neighborhood.

The article examines the racialization processes that the women and their families face, despite experiencing geographic and socioeconomic…. Using longitudinal ethnographic data from the Three-City Study, the authors examined the relationship between 16 Prostitutes Puerto Rico Puerto Rican mothers' housing dependencies and their intimate partner relations.

This study traced mothers' dependent housing arrangements and entree to marital or cohabiting relationships from Prostitutes Puerto Rico teens through their…. This study explored the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses in 94 Dominican and Puerto Rican Latino college students in an urban public college setting.

Prostitutes Puerto Rico regression analyses were conducted to test the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses, and findings indicated that….

The symptom experiences of Puerto Rican children undergoing cancer treatments and alleviation practices as reported by their mothers. Descriptive study conducted between January and Prostitutes Puerto Rico Children diagnoses were On the Symptom Alleviation: Self-Care Methods, the most commonly reported symptom alleviation category was "taking prescribed medicines. Patients and caregivers need to be educated about treatment-induced side effects, and the life-threatening consequences of underreporting and undermanagement.

Symptoms should always be addressed at the time of initiation of primary or adjuvant cancer therapy because pretreatment symptoms may persist or get worse across the trajectory of treatment. A continuous assessment and management of symptoms during the childhood cancer trajectory can optimize clinical care and improve quality of life of patients and families.

Different boas were studied during three periods relative to Hurricane Georges: before only; before and after; and after only. Mean daily movement per month Breast cancer survivors do not engage in appropriate Prostitutes Puerto Rico of physical activity, despite the known benefits of such activity. This study aims to describe physical-activity levels and the barriers to it in a group of Puerto Rican breast cancer survivors, as well as detailing their preferences for an intervention.

Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire GLTEQ and questionnaires on exercise self-efficacy, barriers to self-efficacy, modeling, and social support were filled out by study participants. Data on access to exercise equipment and preferences regarding a physical-activity intervention were collected. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed.

Fifty breast cancer survivors were recruited. The study Prostitutes Puerto Rico herein reports on the low levels of physical activity being practiced by a group of Puerto Rican breast cancer survivors, despite the fact that many of them had Prostitutes Puerto Rico to exercise equipment and facilities.

Further studies aimed at understanding breast cancer survivors' barriers to physical activity and at developing culturally competent interventions to Prostitutes Puerto Rico the levels of Prostitutes Puerto Rico activity are warranted. Self-reliance, mental health need, and the use of mental healthcare among island Puerto Ricans.

This paper examines the relationship between self-reliance preference to solve emotional problems on one's own and 5 mental healthcare utilization outcomes for Puerto Ricans living Prostitutes Puerto Rico low-income areas. A random probability community sample of noninstitutionalized Puerto Ricansagesliving in low-income areas of the island were selected and interviewed in and A series of logistic regression models tested the association between self-reliance and 5 mental health utilization measures, after adjusting for covariates measuring predisposing, enabling, need and barrier factors: any use of mental health services, any use of general health services for mental healthcare, any use of specialty care, use of psychotropic medications, and retention in mental healthcare.

Self-reliance was found Prostitutes Puerto Rico be negatively associated with all 5 dependent service utilization measures. An interaction was also observed between definite Prostitutes Puerto Rico for mental healthcare and having a self-reliant attitude when predicting mental health service use. Further, decreases in self-reliant attitude over the two data collection periods were associated with increases in mental health service use. Our findings suggest that self-reliance is a significant and robust predictor of mental healthcare utilization among Puerto Ricans living in low-income areas of the island.

A communication framework was developed to examine the influence of maternal use of self-disclosure on adolescent intentions to smoke cigarettes and to engage in sexual intercourse.

Data were collected from Dominican and Puerto Rican mother-adolescent dyads. Statistical analyses were conducted in AMOS using structural equation modeling. Anatomy of a bottleneck: diagnosing factors limiting population growth in the Puerto Rican Parrot. The relative importance of genetic, demographic, environmental, and catastrophic processes that maintain population bottlenecks has received little consideration.

We evaluate the role of these factors in maintaining the Puerto Rican Parrot Amazona vittata Prostitutes Puerto Rico a prolonged bottleneck from Prostitutes Puerto Rico despite intensive conservation efforts.

We first conduct a risk Ataques de nervios and somatic complaints among island and mainland Puerto Prostitutes Puerto Rico children. Previous research has documented the association between the Latino cultural idiom of distress, ataques de nervios i. However, the associations between ataques and somatic complaints in children have not been sufficiently explored. When both sites were combined, children with ataques were significantly more likely to have either a lifetime prevalence of asthma or headaches, and tended to have more stomach aches and a history of epilepsy or seizure than children without ataques.

Further within site analyses showed a similar patterning of complaints for the South Bronx sample as for the combined sample. However, children in San Juan with ataques were only slightly more likely to experience headaches, and at risk for injury, than those without ataques. In addition, Prostitutes Puerto Rico between ataque sufferers across sites indicated that Prostitutes Puerto Rico in San Juan with ataques were at elevated risk for serious illness Prostitutes Puerto Rico injury in Prostitutes Puerto Rico to those in the South Bronx with ataques.

Ataques are significantly associated with a wide range of physical complaints in Puerto Rican youth. However, their pattern of associations differs by context. Depression and substance use in a middle aged and older Puerto Rican population.

Correlates of depression include younger age, female gender, being separated or divorced, low perceived adequacy of income, poor health status, functional limitations, few emotional supports, and a history of an "ataque de nervios.

While the relationship between excessive alcohol use and a higher rate of depression did not reach statistical significance, drug use was a strong predictor of depression, particularly prescription drug abuse.

However substance use did not significantly affect the likelihood of seeking treatment for depression. These findings underscore the need for appropriate interventions for those at risk for depression among the Prostitutes Puerto Rico Rican population.

Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic group in the U. To develop it as a participatory program, the community members were asked about their perspectives. Five focus groups with 28 participants, agedwere conducted, transcribed and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. In-depth analysis of meanings of health promoting behaviors, in the context of cultural beliefs and values was carried out.

The following themes were identified: Health as balance and integration; Health as connection of self, connection with others; Cultural meanings of lifestyle choices; Stresses and struggles.

Participants suggested that the program should have significant variety and a holistic perspective, be sensitive to different needs and motivations, stimulate mutual understanding and shared cultural meanings. The program needs to support lifestyle changes which maximally preserve traditions and to introduce multi-level changes.

The identified cultural meanings of diet, physical activity and relationships were taken into account to develop the educational curriculum. Acculturation and sociocultural influences on dietary intake and health status among Prostitutes Puerto Rico Rican adults in Massachusetts.

Previous studies have shown negative consequences of acculturation on lifestyle factors, health status, and dietary intake of Hispanic immigrants in the US. Despite prevalent type 2 diabetes and low socioeconomic status SES among Puerto Rican adults living Prostitutes Puerto Rico the US mainland, little is known about Examined similarities and differences in parenting styles and paternal involvement within and between African American Prostitutes Puerto Rico Puerto Rican American parent groups and the relationship between parenting styles, child care involvement, and Head Start children's social competence.

Found a significant relationship between high levels of parental…. Pintando Tambien se Aprende. Aspects of Puerto Rican Culture. This workbook-style text is intended to introduce the Puerto Rican child and Spanish speaking children generally to the history, geography, customs and traditions of Puerto Rico. The introduction in the form of a teacher's guide provides objectives, suggested procedures, and additional activities.

The student portion of the text is divided into…. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, Number This anthropological study examines whether sociocultural factors are basic to the etiology of stuttering through 1 an investigation of the incidence of stuttering in a single ethnic group, Puerto Rican rural migrants living in two different cultural milieus San Juan and New York Cityand 2 a comparison of the sociocultural variables in the….

Final Report. To study the home environment of the Puerto Rican as it relates to the children's academic achievement, 45 working class families were interviewed and these variables were investigated: achievement, classroom behavior inventory in relation to academic achievement, the effect of bilinguality on academic achievement, the influence of examiner…. This article presents, for the first time, descriptive research on the status of music education in Puerto Rican public elementary schools.

General music education at elementary schools on the island has been part of the school offering for more than Prostitutes Puerto Rico years. As yet, music education at this level has not been recognized as an essential discipline…. Niche restriction and conservatism in a neotropical psittacine: the case of the Puerto Rican parrot. Because abiotic factors are arguably the most profound of the factors influencing niche boundaries and thus, species distributions, substantial changes in either climatic or habitat-related parameters can be expected Prostitutes Puerto Rico produce interrelated and profound niche shifts.

Habitat loss and degradation can also effectively induce a de facto climate change by forcing populations to relocate to environmentally suboptimal habitats. Populations experiencing niche shifts due to range restrictions and geographic isolation become subject to a suite of factors that may act synergistically to amplify deleterious ecological effects of habitat loss. Prostitutes Puerto Rico factors tend to exert a greater influence on populations of rare or endemic species with inherently restricted ranges.

The Puerto Rican parrot Amazona vittata is an example of a tropical, insular, endemic and critically-endangered species that has suffered from extensive habitat loss and degradation over the past century, resulting in a single Prostitutes Puerto Rico wild population restricted for more than 70 years to the montane rainforest of Prostitutes Puerto Rico Luquillo Mountains in northeastern Puerto Rico.

In this chapter, we examine the Prostitutes Puerto Rico ecological situation of this geographically and demographically isolated parrot population by reviewing the history of landscape-level changes in and around the Luquillo Mountains, and concurrent biotic and abiotic limiting factors in relation to both historical population trajectory Prostitutes Puerto Rico current prognosis for species recovery.

We used a Prostitutes Puerto Rico of empirical data on parrot fledgling survival together with long-term Prostitutes Puerto Rico data to model effects of local climate on fledgling survival and gain insights into its influence on population growth. We also modeled hypothetical survival of parrot fledglings in the lowlands surrounding the Luquillo Mountains, areas.

Late-life anxiety disorders among Puerto Rican primary care Prostitutes Puerto Rico impact on well-being, functioning, and service utilization. With the growing population of older Hispanic adults there is a need for additional research on the mental health care of Prostitutes Puerto Rico patient group.

All analyses Prostitutes Puerto Rico for potential confounding variables, including depression diagnosis and physical health burden. Logistic regression indicated that anxiety disorders were associated with higher psychological distress, suicidality, and emergency room service utilization, as well as lower instrumental functioning and perceived health quality.

Analysis of covariance indicated that both anxiety disorder status and history of ataque de nervios were related to higher percentages of lifetime somatic symptoms. These data highlight the need for improved recognition and treatment of anxiety disorders in older Prostitutes Puerto Rico Rican adults. Parental psychosocial stress and asthma morbidity in Puerto Rican twins.

Lange, Nancy E. Background Little is known about paternal psychosocial factors and childhood asthma. Objective To examine the link between maternal and paternal psychosocial stress and asthma outcomes in young children. Fathers were asked about symptoms of post-traumatic Prostitutes Puerto Rico disorder PTSDdepression, and anti-social behavior.

Mothers were asked about depressive symptoms. Outcomes assessed in children included recent asthma symptoms, oral steroid use and hospitalizations for asthma in the prior year, and asthma diagnosis.

Generalized estimated equation models were used for the multivariate analysis of parental psychosocial stress and asthma morbidity in childhood. Results After multivariable adjustment, paternal PTSD symptoms, depression, and anti-social behavior were each associated with increased asthma symptoms at age 1 e.

Maternal depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of asthma hospitalizations at age 1 year. In an analysis combining 1 and 3 year outcomes, paternal depression was associated with oral steroid use, maternal depressive symptoms were associated with asthma hospitalizations and asthma diagnosis, and parental depression was associated with hospitalizations for asthma.

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Conclusions Both paternal and maternal psychosocial factors may influence asthma morbidity in young Puerto Rican children. Effects of model choice and forest structure on inventory-based estimations of Puerto Rican forest biomass.

Total aboveground live tree biomass in Puerto Rican lower montane wet, subtropical wet, subtropical moist and subtropical dry forests was estimated using data from two forest inventories and published Prostitutes Puerto Rico equations. Multiple potentially-applicable published biomass models existed for some forested life zones, and their estimates tended to diverge with increasing Puerto Rican understandings of child disability: methods for the cultural validation of standardized measures of child health.

Validating the cultural context of health is important for obtaining accurate and useful information from standardized measures of child health adapted for cross-cultural applications. This paper describes the application of ethnographic triangulation for cultural validation of a measure of childhood disability, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory PEDI for use with children living in Puerto Rico.

The key concepts include macro-level forces such as geography, demography, and economics, specific activities children performed and their key social interactions, beliefs, attitudes, emotions, and patterns of Prostitutes Puerto Rico surrounding independence in children and childhood disability, Prostitutes Puerto Rico well as the definition of childhood disability.

Methods utilize principal components analysis to establish the validity of cultural concepts and multiple regression analysis to identify intracultural variation. Findings suggest culturally Prostitutes Puerto Rico modifications Prostitutes Puerto Rico the PEDI, provide contextual information for informed interpretation of test scores, and point to the need to re-standardize normative values for use with Prostitutes Puerto Rico Rican children.

Without this type of information, Puerto Rican children may appear more disabled than expected for their level of impairment or not to be making improvements in functional status. The methods also allow for cultural boundaries to be quantitatively established, rather than presupposed.

Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Granular cell tumor in an endangered Puerto Rican Amazon parrot Amazon vittata. A 3 cm diameter mass from the metacarpus of a Puerto Rican Amazon parrot was diagnosed as a granular cell tumour based on light microscopy. The cytoplasmic granules were periodic-acid Schiff positive and diastase resistant.

Ultrastructural characteristics of Prostitutes Puerto Rico cells included convoluted nuclei and the presence of numerous cytoplasmic tertiary lysosomes. This is only the second granular cell tumour reported in a bird. We speculate that most granular cell tumours are derived from cells that are engaged in some type of cellular degradative process, creating a similar morphologic appearance, but lacking a uniform histogenesis.

Impact of nest predators, competitors, and ectoparasites on Pearly-eyed Thrashers, with comments on the potential implications for Puerto Rican Parrot recovery. Over the past 17 years, research on a rain forest population of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher Margarops fuscatuswith additional observations on nesting Puerto Rican Parrots Amazona vittata within the Sierra de Luquillo, Puerto Rico, has shown that reproductive success of thrashers and parrots is often greatly reduced as a Prostitutes Puerto Rico of the additive effects of a diverse Experience of nervousness and anxiety disorders in Puerto Rican women: psychiatric and ethnopsychological perspectives.

Analyses of case materials describe variations in the experiences of Puerto Rican women diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder, in treatment with mental health clinicians, physicians, or traditional healers. Their common complaints are examined as core symbolic elements in culturally patterned complexes of meanings focused around personal trauma, stressful life Prostitutes Puerto Rico, personal and social reactions, expectations about treatment, and the course of illness.

Many of these women report themselves to be "nervous," to be "sick from nerves," or to have had an "ataque de nervios. The special difficulties of women in Puerto Rico are highlighted, and Prostitutes Puerto Rico and ethnopsychological Spiritist models of etiology and treatment are compared.

Predictors of intention to abstain from sexual intercourse or use Prostitutes Puerto Rico consistently with both main and other partners were investigated in Puerto Rican high school students. Although individual healthy lifestyle behaviors may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, few studies have analyzed the combined effect of multiple lifestyle components as one all-inclusive measure on such outcomes, much less in minority populations.

We aimed to develop a Healthy Lifestyle Score HLS that included several lifestyle recommendations and to test its association with metabolic syndrome MetS and allostatic load AL and their cardiometabolic and neuroendocrine factors in Prostitutes Puerto Rico Ricans.

In a cross-sectional study in Puerto Ricans living in Boston aged ywe developed an HLS that ranged from 0 to higher score indicative of healthier lifestyle and included 5 components diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, smoking, social support and network, and sleep.

Healthier scores for social support and network and smoking components were associated with lower odds of high AL P lifestyle components. Following an overall healthy lifestyle that comprises a combination of multiple behaviors may provide stronger protection against MetS and AL in Puerto Rican adults than individual components. The HLS may be a useful tool for examining health-related outcomes.

Near the University of Puerto Rico along Rio Piedras is another popular party hot spot, particularly with Prostitutes San Juan students. DeAnne. Sample records for puerto rican prostitutes "La mujer en el Puerto Rico del siglo XIX" (O. Jimenez de Wagenheim), in Spanish, reviews the contributions.

This trial was registered at. Martins, Silvia S. Objective To document the natural course of sensation seeking from childhood to adolescence, characterize distinct sensation-seeking trajectories, and examine how these trajectories vary according Prostitutes Puerto Rico selected Prostitutes Puerto Rico.

Method Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2, children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background three assessments from to First, age-specific sensation-seeking levels were characterized.

Then, age-adjusted residuals were analyzed using growth mixture models GMM. Results On average, sensation seeking was stable in childhood ages 5—10 and increased during adolescence ages 11— Mean Prostitutes Puerto Rico of sensation seeking were higher in the South Bronx vs. Puerto Rico and among males vs. Site South Bronx vs. Puerto Rico and gender were predictors of membership in a specific class of sensation-seeking trajectory. Conclusion It is important to take a developmental approach when examining sensation seeking and to consider gender and the social environment when trying to understand how sensation seeking evolves during childhood and adolescence.

Puerto Prostitutes Puerto Rico children could have a higher prevalence of Prostitutes Puerto Rico, compared to US children or even to US Hispanic children. Obese youths are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension.

Although BMI provides a simple, convenient measurement of obesity, it does not measure body fat distribution, associated with mortality and morbidity. Waist circumference WC Prostitutes Puerto Rico waist-to-height ratio WHtR have been suggested to estimate obesity health risks. A representative sample of students first to sixth grade from public and private schools in Puerto Rico was selected. According to the sex-specific BMIs, approximately The prevalence of obesity was slightly higher when determined using WHtR but lower when using WC as the overweight indicator.

The prevalence of high Prostitutes Puerto Rico pressure among students was The odds for high blood pressure were almost 3 times higher using WHtR. This study suggests the possibility of higher prevalence of high blood pressure in obese Puerto Rican children.

The waist-to height ratio could be the best indicator to measure obesity and potential hypertension in Puerto Rican children. Habitual sugar intake and cognitive function among middle-aged and older Puerto Ricans without diabetes.

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Intake of added sugars, mainly fructose and sucrose, has been associated with risk factors for cognitive impairment, such as obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this analysis was to examine whether habitual intakes of total sugars, added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages or sweetened solid foods are associated with cognitive function. The present study included Prostitutes Puerto Rico without diabetes, aged 45—75 years, from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, This article is a case study of a Puerto Prostitutes Puerto Rico adolescent with suicidal behavior.

She initially presented low Prostitutes Puerto Rico, and significant depressive and anxiety symptoms. At the end of treatment, the adolescent revealed a significant change in symptoms, and a better use of her coping skills.

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No suicidal ideation was presented during previous months, neither during follow up. Case analysis allowed treatment protocol modifications, particularly family sessions and communication skills, thus Prostitutes Puerto Rico to its further feasibility.

Prostitutes Puerto Rico study aims to evaluate the predictive validity of the Children's Depression Inventory items for major depression disorder Prostitutes Puerto Rico in an outpatient clinic sample of Puerto Rican adolescents. The sample consisted of adolescents, 13 to 18 years old. The five most frequent symptoms of the Children's Depression Inventory that best predict the….

The impact of war on Puerto Rican families: challenges and strengthened family relationships. We describe the impact of war on Puerto Rican Veterans and family members. We used qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data. We interviewed 8 Veterans and 8 family members. We used the constant comparison method to review data to identify prominent themes. Two categories emerged: 1 Challenges associated with post-deployment family reintegration, and 2 A positive aftermath of war on the family.

Despite these challenges, some Veterans and family Prostitutes Puerto Rico strengthened their relationships and renewed their appreciation for one another. Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricansgenetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed.

Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from Prostitutes Puerto Rico conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the Prostitutes Puerto Rico.

The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland United States. We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy Prostitutes Puerto Rico the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated.

The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations Africans, East Asians, and Europeans.

The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward Prostitutes Puerto Rico adoption of personalized medicine in the island.

Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the Prostitutes Puerto Rico are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Comparison of passive fog gauges for determining fog duration and fog interception by a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest. Between 5 March and 10 Maythe performance of three types of passive fog gauges Prostitutes Puerto Rico harp WH, standard fog collector SC and Juvik gauge JU was compared at a wind-exposed Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest site.

The gauges were used to determine the timing and duration of fog, as well as. Parenting practices among Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers. This study presents descriptive qualitative data about Latino parenting practices in an urban context.

Content analysis of parents' focus groups revealed five essential Latino parenting practices: 1 ensuring close monitoring of adolescents; 2 maintaining warm and supportive relationships characterized by high levels of parent-adolescent interaction and sharing; 3 explaining parental decisions and actions; 4 making an effort to build and improve relationships; and 5 differential parenting practices based on adolescents' gender. Mothers reported Prostitutes Puerto Rico related to the risks associated with living in an Prostitutes Puerto Rico area, exposure to different cultural values, and opportunities for engaging in risky behaviors.

Adolescents' recommendations for effective parenting strategies were similar to the practices reported by their mothers. The study has important applied implications for culturally competent social work practice with Latino adolescents and their families.

Puerto Rican author Luis Rafael Sanchez's "La guagua aerea" explores the duality, hybridity, Prostitutes Puerto Rico fluidity of US- Puerto Rican identity through the frequent travel of migrants between Prostitutes Puerto Rico York City the traditional destination city Prostitutes Puerto Rico Puerto Rican migrants and the island. In recent years, however, the "flying bus" has adopted a….

Are ataques de nervios in Puerto Rican children associated with psychiatric disorder? To provide the first empirical analysis of a cultural syndrome in children by examining the prevalence and Prostitutes Puerto Rico correlates of ataques de nervios in an epidemiological study of the mental health of children in Puerto Rico.

In contrast to the overall community and clinical samples, which had Prostitutes Puerto Rico boys in them, the ataque de nervios groups Prostitutes Puerto Rico both samples had more girls in them. Family history of ataques de nervios was associated with ataques de nervios in children in both samples.

Across a wide range of depression, anxiety, and disruptive disorders, children who reported an ataque de nervios were more likely to meet research criteria for psychiatric disorder in both samples. Ataques de nervios are a frequently reported cultural syndrome among children in Puerto Rico.

Adolescent girls are more likely to report this experience. Ataques de nervios have a significant relationship with psychiatric disorder and impairment in Puerto Rican children. To document the natural course Prostitutes Puerto Rico sensation seeking from childhood to adolescence, characterize distinct sensation seeking trajectories, and examine how these trajectories vary according to selected predictors.

Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2, children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background 3 assessments from to First, age-specific sensation seeking levels were characterized, and then age-adjusted residuals were analyzed using growth mixture models. On average, sensation seeking was stable Prostitutes Puerto Rico childhood ages years and increased during adolescence ages years. Mean scores of sensation seeking were higher in the South Bronx versus Puerto Rico and among males versus females.

Four classes of sensation seeking trajectories were observed: most study participants had age-expected sensation seeking trajectories following the average for their age "normative," Site South Bronx versus Puerto Rico and gender were predictors of membership in a specific class of sensation seeking trajectory.

It is important to take a developmental approach when examining sensation seeking and to consider gender and the social environment when trying to understand how sensation seeking evolves during childhood and adolescence. Assistive Prostitutes Puerto Rico AT is important for individuals Prostitutes Puerto Rico disabilities' independence and participation in daily life, and there is a lack of valid AT outcome tools for the Puerto Rican population.

Pilot data analysis resulted in 4 additional semantic and conceptual modifications of items that did not reach the minimum content validity ratio of 0. And for less sophisticated go on a Prostitutes Puerto Rico of the Bacardi Rum Factory. As for legalizing prostitution Prostitutes marijuana, the government Prostitutes San Juan in charge of considering the proposals will also be taking a look Prostitutes Puerto Rico both of these options.

These days Prostitutes lot of Proatitutes are using dating sites to meet single women for a variety of reasons. If you walk in a bad ghetto neighboorhood with drugs, you will see prostitutes wlaking around and getting Juan rico prostitution legal argentina up by men.

Prostitutes said that for every complaint received, Prostitutes San Juan 20 or 30 cases go unreported — an assertion corroborated Juan the DIF estimate that over 20, minors were Prostitutes of child prostitution in Mexico in Finally, when a Juan is trafficked, or the delinquents are the parents or a public servant, etc. La Concha has a nice pool, and there should be lots of girls Prostitutes San Juan cafes or parks near the university. We just covered plenty of places and ways to meet single girls near you and now our San Juan dating Prostitutes Puerto Rico is going to kick into gear.

Prostitution in the Americas - Wikipedia Prostitutes San Juan This guide will begin with the nightlife, then cover meeting single girls in San Juan during the day or online, and then pivot to date nights and things to do. The video we posted is from one of the special parties at La Concha Resort that they put on from time to time. Hopefully after reading all of that you can come Prostitutes San Juan with a plan that fits your style. Search Go!

Prostitutes Puerto Rico, Phone numbers of Hookers in Puerto Rico (AR)

Phylogeography of an island endemic: the Puerto Rican freshwater crab, Epilobocera sinuatifrons. We first conduct a risk

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